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Recommendation Number 1:
Life Extension Mix™
Advanced Multivitamin-Mineral-Herbal-Amino Acid Formula Now with Standardized Cocoa Polyphenols

DOSAGE: 9 tablets per day in divided doses with meals. (Also available in capsule and powder forms.)

Don't Die From Multivitamins Deficiency

An abundance of published scientific research reveals that many common problems afflicting the aged are attributable to a lack of specific nutrients in the diet. Considering that low-cost supplements are available to guard against these deficiency syndromes, it amounts to personal negligence if one does not at least take their basic daily multivitamins and minerals.

Few doctors are aware of how shockingly deficient Americans are in essential nutrients. We are not talking about the benefits of taking higher-potency vitamin supplements right now. Instead, we are down to the fundamental fact that the vast majority of Americans fail to obtain even the miniscule amount of nutrients in their diets that the medical establishment itself says are needed.

For example, many Americans supplement with around 400 mg of vitamin E to obtain what they believe are optimal antioxidant benefits from this particular nutrient. The federal government, however, says that only 12 mg of vitamin E are needed.

What should startle any health conscious individual is that the world’s respected journal of nutrition says that 93% of American men and 96% of American women do not even consume the federal government’s recommended 12 mg vitamin E in their diets!

This means that virtually all Americans who fail to supplement are at serious risk of suffering a vitamin E deficiency.

How Dangerous Is It To Be Deficient In Vitamin E?

In November of 2006, the largest study in medical history was published using blood levels of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) as the marker of vitamin E status.10 The purpose of this study was to correlate baseline vitamin E levels with specific causes of death and overall mortality with a follow-up over a 19-year period. There were 29,000 subjects initially enrolled and 13,380 deaths available for analysis.1a

The study results showed a significant reduction in overall mortality in those with the highest blood levels of vitamin E.

Based on these statistics, an editorial published in this same journal asked why doctors ever questioned the importance of vitamin E supplements?2a The editorial went on state the importance of establishing the amount of vitamin E necessary.

When analyzing fine details of this largest human study on vitamin E, the editors stated that the amount of this nutrient needed to achieve the optimal results could be achieved “only with supplements.”

Vitamin E Deficiency Accelerates Age-related Decline

In the January 23, 2008 edition of the Journal of the Medical Association, the findings from a study that measured vitamin E levels in people 65 years and older was published.3a The results showed that those with the lowest blood levels of vitamin E were 60% more likely to suffer physical decline over the three-year follow up period. The studies author’s concluded:

“These results provide empirical evidence that a low serum concentration of vitamin E is associated with subsequent decline in physical function among community-living older adults.”

Vitamin E Is Only One Of Many Deficient Nutrients

Sadly, most diets fail to provide even the minimum amounts of nutrients even according to the low government recommended daily intakes. As a result, Americans suffer egregious deficits of vital nutrients such as magnesium, chromium, vitamin B6 and vitamin D.

Fortunately, it is easy to obtain potent doses of these basic nutrients in high potency multi-nutrient formulas.

Vitamins, Minerals And Your Health

Despite constant media publicity aimed at consumers by government health agencies and private organizations, the majority of Americans still do not eat enough fruits and vegetables every day. Increasingly, scientists are telling Americans that they must consume these kinds of plants, in addition to vitamins, in order to avoid a host of age-related problems.

As yet, the public does not attribute the cocoa bean with the same health benefits as broccoli or berries, but that is about to change. Startling new research shows that the unique polyphenols found in cocoa provide broad-spectrum benefits to the arterial system.

The Power Of Cocoa

In fact, cocoa polyphenols have been clinically proven to not only support healthy insulin levels, but promote healthy HDL levels, regulate LDL oxidation, and help maintain already normal blood pressure and arterial blood flow by restoring endothelial function. Based on these groundbreaking studies, a standardized cocoa polyphenol extract has recently been added to our new Life Extension Mix™ formula.

Along with 26 other fruit and vegetable extracts, Life Extension Mix™ provides high-potency vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that form the cornerstone of a comprehensive health maintenance program.

Standardized Pomegranate Extract

The pomegranate extract contained in Life Extension Mix™ is standardized to provide the biologically active punicalagins that are so unique to this fruit.

Pomegranate punicalagins are 100% water soluble and have shown a remarkable 95% absorption rate.1 When tested against popular antioxidant food extracts, pomegranate demonstrated the most potent free radical-suppressing effects. This means that pomegranate punicalagins not only absorb much better than other natural antioxidants, but they also have a superior antioxidant capacity.

Like cocoa polyphenols, peer-reviewed published human and animals studies show that pomegranate helps maintain healthy cardiovascular function.2-5* Pomegranate also has the unique property of helping to maintain healthy DNA structure in the prostate cells.6-8

The daily dose of Life Extension Mix™ now provides the equivalent of consuming up to 2.6 ounces of pomegranate juice—without the sugar calories.

Standardized Blueberry Extracts

Blueberry anthocyanins are potent antioxidants that have demonstrated properties that extend well beyond suppressing free radicals.

For instance, blueberries have been shown to not only improve memory, but to also help with some of the degenerative changes seen in aging neurons.9 One study showed that the ability of blueberries to suppress free radical and inflammatory damage in the rat brain was analogous to long-term calorie restriction.10 These findings hint that blueberries might be able to reverse certain aspects of brain aging!

Blueberry’s other active constituent (pterostilbene) helps maintain already normal lipid and glucose levels.11 Even more exciting is that these blueberry constituents (pterostilbene and anthocyanins) may help protect DNA structure.12,13

Life Extension Mix™ contains standardized blueberry extracts that provide the most active constituents found in this health-promoting fruit.

Standardized Green Tea Extract

The Life Extension Foundation introduced green tea extract as a supplement in 1993 based on epidemiological studies showing that people who consumed green tea had lower incidences of common degenerative problems.14 Over the past 14 years, an enormous volume of positive studies has been published about the health benefits of green tea.

Scientists have looked at the active “polyphenol” constituents of green tea and have found that they possess remarkable biological activities that include inhibiting LDL oxidation and neuronal peroxidation, while maintaining healthy DNA structure.15-21

Life Extension Mix™ contains 325 mg of a decaffeinated green tea extract that is standardized to provide 98% of the active polyphenols that scientists attribute to green tea’s multiple health benefits.

The amount of polyphenols (including EGCG) in Life Extension Mix™ is equivalent to drinking about three to four cups of green tea per day.

Standardized Vegetable Extracts

Luteolin is a flavonoid found in parsley, artichoke, basil, celery, and other foods. When measured against 27 other flavonoids, luteolin provided the most DNA protection.22

One favorable mechanism of luteolin is its ability to inhibit oxidative damage to cellular DNA. Another unique benefit is luteolin’s ability to suppress excess levels of dangerous inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and interleukin Ib.23,24

Life Extension Mix™ contains a standardized dose of 8 mg luteolin, a dose that emulates the benefits seen in published scientific studies.

Broccoli is touted as one of the most important vegetables to maintain healthy DNA gene structure. Broccoli contains several active constituents, with sulforaphane being the most significant because of its unique detoxification and DNA-protecting effects. Life Extension Mix™ provides a concentrated broccoli mixture that provides standardized extracts of sulforaphane and glucosinolates, two compounds attributed to broccoli’s multiple protective benefits. Broccoli is also a natural source of gene-protecting chlorophyll.25-32

D-glucarate is a botanical extract found in grapefruit, apples, oranges, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. D-glucarate effectively supports a detoxification process that helps to remove DNA toxins from the body. 33-35 The daily dose of Life Extension Mix provides 200 mg of D-glucarate.

Lutein, an extract found in spinach and collard greens, has been shown to help maintain critical pigments in the eye macula36, whereas lycopene from tomatoes has shown potent effects in helping to maintain DNA structure and protecting against LDL oxidation.37-39 Life Extension Mix™ contains 60 times more lutein and 10 times more lycopene compared to Centrum®. Most multivitamin supplements provide no vegetable extracts whatsoever.

Standardized Fruit Extracts

In addition to standardized pomegranate and blueberry extracts, Life Extension Mix™ is also fortified with fruit extracts such as bilberry, grape seed, grape skin, and citrus bioflavonoids to provide healthy circulation throughout the body and maintain healthy DNA.

Scientists have long touted the multiple benefits of fruits such as blueberry, blackberry, cranberry, plums, elderberry, persimmon, and cherry. Life Extension Mix™ provides a customized blend of these and other fruits that studies indicate provide multiple favorable effects in the body.

Olive oil consumption is one of the important factors behind the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.40,41 Researchers have discovered that there are up to 300 times more polyphenol compounds in olive water compared to olive oil.42 Olive polyphenols have been the subject of numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human studies pointing toward their benefits in many different areas, including protecting against LDL oxidation, suppressing free radicals, and stabilizing cell membranes.43-46 Life Extension Mix ™contains a potent olive extract standardized to provide the best-documented polyphenol, hydroxytyrosol.47 The amount of hydroxytyrosol in the daily dose of Life Extension Mix™ is equivalent to drinking more than one ounce of virgin olive oil a day.

Sesame Lignans Enhance The Effects Of Vitamin E

Sesame and its lignans have a broad range of applications in human health. This includes increasing human tissue levels of vitamin E by facilitating carrier proteins in the liver to deliver nutrients to cells throughout the body.48,49

Sesame lignans increases the beneficial effects of fish oils, maintain normal LDL oxidation, and help maintain already healthy cholesterol/LDL levels in those already within normal range.50-53

Life Extension Mix™ provides 10 mg of a sesame lignan extract to supply the direct benefits of the lignans, and augment the effects of vitamin E and other nutrients in the body such as gamma tocopherol and gamma linolenic acid (GLA).

Maintaining Already Healthy Blood Glucose Levels

Chromium, along with magnesium and biotin, are nutrients required to maintain already normal blood sugar levels. Life Extension Mix™ provides 500 mcg of chromium, a highly absorbable form of magnesium, and a super high potency biotin. A review of studies showing benefits of magnesium and chromium supplementation reveals that these higher doses are required for optimal effects.54-58

High Potency Vitamin D3

Doctors used to be concerned that too much vitamin D could be toxic. Over the past few years, however, an increasing body of evidence indicates that it takes much higher doses of vitamin D (perhaps over 10,000 IU/day) to inflict toxicity on a healthy person.

The concern expressed by researchers today is that fear of vitamin D toxicity is keeping many people from supplementing with enough vitamin D, which is critical for maintaining bone density and maintaining healthy cell division.59-63

In response to studies showing that even those who take standard vitamin D supplements are not obtaining adequate amounts, Life Extension Mix™ provides 800 IU of vitamin D3 per daily dose.

The Most Complete Multivitamins Supplement Now With Cocoa Polyphenols

Life Extension Mix™ saves time and money by combining the most popular nutrient supplements into one product, eliminating the need to take separate bottles of B-complex, vitamins C and E, mineral supplements, and much more that would be required to achieve the same effects.

Life Extension Mix™ supplies the most powerful antioxidants, including water- and fat-soluble vitamin C, the ideal form of alpha vitamin E, and plant extracts that help protect against cellular DNA damage. Additional ingredients in Life Extension Mix™ enhance beneficial DNA methylation patterns, help maintain already normal glycemic control, and help regulate the oxidation of LDL that contributes to the buildup of deposits in the endothelial lining.

Life Extension Mix™ is the keystone of a comprehensive supplement program because it provides so many well-studied nutrients. If you are on a budget, Life Extension Mix™ provides the best “cost-per-milligram” value. And with the addition of standardized cocoa polyphenols, Life Extension Mix™ is now an even greater value.

The ingredients in the Life Extension Mix™ come only from pharmaceutical grade suppliers. These premium companies charge more for their vitamins and trace elements, but the purity of these substances greatly exceeds that of the lower cost generic versions that are so prevalent in the vitamin industry.

For Members Who Want To Take Vitamins and Nutritional Supplements Separately

The most comprehensive multi-nutrient formula is Life Extension Mix™. Some Foundation members, however, prefer to take their nutritional supplements separately and need only a basic multi-vitamin-mineral supplement to fill the missing gaps. For many years, these members had to rely on commercial “one-a-day” supplements that provide very low potencies.

In response to requests for a science-based multi-nutrient, the Two-Per-Day was formulated to provide the greatest potencies that can fit into two daily tablets. When compared to conventional “one-a-day” products, Life Extension Two-Per-Day contains up to 50 times more potency!

Multi-vitamin products are widely available. Regrettably, most lay people are unaware of the potencies of each nutrient needed to achieve optimal effects.

Commercial companies take advantage of consumer ignorance by putting in such low potencies of certain nutrients that the user derives little or no benefit.

The Two-Per-Day formula was designed to remedy the widespread deficit of basic nutrients that exists even amongst multi-vitamin users. At the suggested dose of one tablet two times a day, health conscious people are ensured they are obtaining potencies of nutrients that have demonstrated positive effects in published scientific studies.

Since most vitamins are water-soluble, which means they don’t last long in the body, it is best to consume these nutrients at least two times a day, ergo the Two-Per-Day formulas design.

Each Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablet is shaped in a moderate-sized tablet for ease of swallowing. To give you an idea of how potent this multi-nutrient supplement is, we compared two tablets of the Two-Per-Day to one tablet of today’s best selling multi-vitamin (Centrum®) in the chart below:

The Most Complete Multivitamins Formula

A bottle of 120 Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets retails for $18.95. This represents a two-month supply at the suggested daily dose.

If you are a member of the Life Extension Foundation, you can reduce your monthly cost of the Two-Per-Day to only $6.38 when four bottles are purchased at the same time.

When looking at the $13.00 retail price for 120 tablets of Centrum®, a product that only provides a fraction of the nutrients contained in the Two-Per-Day formula, you can quickly see how affordable it is to obtain the potencies of the most important basic nutrients.

Most members rely on Life Extension Mix with its broad spectrum fruit and vegetable extracts, minerals, amino acids and vitamins. Those who consume these nutrients in other supplements can use the Two-Per-Day to ensure they are not deficient in nutrients that were long ago established to be essential.

Warning
The niacin in this product may cause flushing (a feeling of warmth and reddening of the skin). This effect is temporary and harmless.

More Info on Multivitamins and Minerals

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The Most Complete Multivitamins Formula: Life Extension Mix™
Top Ten Nutritional Supplements
1: Multivitamins and Minerals
(Life Extension Mix™)
2: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil)
3: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
4: Mitochondrial Function (MEO)
5: Hormone Balance (DHEA)
6: Brain Cell Function (Cognitex)
7: Bone Health (for women and men)
7a: Prostate Health (for men only)
8: Neural and Hepatic Health (SAMe)
9: Cardiovascular Health (Aspirin)
10: Vitamin K, Gamma Tocopherol (Super Booster Softgels)

References

1a. Wright ME, Lawson KA, Weinstein SJ, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Higher baseline serum concentrations of vitamin E are associated with lower total and cause-specific mortality in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):1200-7.

2a. Traber MG. How much vitamin E? ... Just enough! Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):959-60.

3a. Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Guralnik JM, Stipanuk MH, Allore HG, Cherubini A, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Gill TM. Serum micronutrient concentrations and decline in physical function among older persons. JAMA. 2008 Jan 23;299(3):308-15.

1. Cerda B, Llorach R, Ceron JJ, et al. Evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism in the rat of punicalagin, an antioxidant polyphenol from pomegranate juice. Eur J Nutr. 2003 Jan;42(1):18-28 [First report on absorption of punicalagin].

2. Aviram M, Dornfeld L, Kaplan M, et al. Pomegranate juice flavonoids inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation and cardiovascular diseases: studies in atherosclerotic mice and in humans. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2002 28(2-3):49-62.

3. Kaplan M, Hayek T, Raz A, et al. Pomegranate juice supplementation to atherosclerotic mice reduces macrophage lipid peroxidation, cellular cholesterol accumulation and development of atherosclerosis. J Nutr. 2001 Aug;131(8):2082-9.

4. Huang TH, Peng G, Kota BP, et al. Pomegranate flower improves cardiac lipid metabolism in a diabetic rat model: role of lowering circulating lipids. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;145(6):767-74.

5. Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Aviram M. Pomegranate juice inhibits oxidized LDL uptake and cholesterol biosynthesis in macrophages. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Sep;16(9):570-6.

6. Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, et al. Cancer Therapy: Clinical Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 1;12(13):4018-26.

7. Malik A, Mukhtar H. Prostate cancer prevention through pomegranate fruit. Cell Cycle. 2006 Feb;5(4):371-3.

8. Malik A, Afaq F, Sarfaraz S, et al. Pomegranate fruit juice for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 11;102(41):14813-8.

9. Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Denisova NA, et al. Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation. J Neurosci. 1999 Sep 15;19(18):8114-21.

10. Galli RL, Bielinski DF, Szprengiel A, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA. Blueberry supplemented diet reverses age-related decline in hippocampal HSP70 neuroprotection. Neurobiol Aging. 2006 Feb;27(2):344-50.

11. Rimando AM, Nagmani R, Feller DR, et al. Pterostilbene, a new agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-isoform, lowers plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 May 4;53(9):3403-7.

12. Rimando AM, Kalt W, Magee JB, et al. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in vaccinium berries. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 28;52(15):4713-9.

13. Lazze MC, Pizzala R, Savio M, et al. Anthocyanins protect against DNA damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide in rat smooth muscle and hepatoma cells. Mutat Res. 2003 Feb 5;535(1):103-15.

14. Available at: http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2005/jan2005_cover_green_tea_01.htm. Accessed: September 6, 2006.

15. Fassina G, Vene R, Morini M, et al. Mechanisms of inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and vascular tumor growth by epigallcatechin-3-gallate. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004 Jul 15;10(14):4865-73.

16. Yang CS, Chung JY Li C, et al. Mechanisms of inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Biofactors. 2000 13:(1-4):73-9.

17. Fujiki H. Two stages of cancer prevention with green tea. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1999 Nov;125(11):589-97.

18. Xu JZ, Yeung SY, Chang Q, et al. Comparison of antioxidant activity and bioavailability of tea epicatechins with their epimers. Br J Nutr. 2004 Jun;91(6):873-81.

19. Miyazawa, T. Absorption, metabolism and antioxidative effects of tea catechins in humans. Biofactors. 2000 13(1-4):55-9.

20. Xie D, Liu G, Zhu G, et al. [-]-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects cultured spiral ganglion cells from H202-induced oxidizing damage. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 May;124(4):464-70.

21. Beliveau, R, Gingras, D. Green tea prevention and treatment of cancer by nutriceuticals. Lancet. 2004 Sep 18;364(9439):1021-2.

22. Kotanidou A. Luteolin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal toxicity and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar 15;165(6):818-23.

23. Kimata M. Effects of luteolin and other flavonoids on IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Planta Med. 2000 Feb; 66(1):25-9.

24. Surh YJ, Chun KS, Cha HH, et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: downregulation of Cox-2 and Inos through suppression of NFkappaB activation. Mut Res. 2001 480;243-268.

25. Zhang Y, Callaway EC. High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. Biochem J. 2002 May 15;364(Pt 1):301-7.

26. Faulkner K, Mithen R, Williamson G. Selective increase of the potential anticarcinogen 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate in broccoli. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Apr;19(4):605-9.

27. Vang O, Mortensen J, Andersen O. Biochemical effects of dietary intake of different broccoli samples. II. Multivariate analysis of contributions of specific glucosinolates in modulating cytochrome P-450 and antioxidant defense enzyme activities. Metabolism. 2001 Oct;50(10):1130-5.

28. Smith TK, Mithen R, Johnson IT. Effects of brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis of aberrant crypt foci in rat colonic mucosal crypts in vivo. Carcinogenesis. 2003 Mar;24(3):491-5.

29. Jackson SJ, Singletary KW. Sulforaphane: a naturally occurring mammary carcinoma mitosis inhibitor, which disrupts tubulin polymerization. Carcinogenesis. 2004 Feb;25(2):219-27.

30. Nestle M. Broccoli sprouts as inducers of carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme systems: clinical, dietary, and policy implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1997;94:11149-51.

31. Talalay P, Fahey JW. Phytochemicals from cruciferous plants protect against cancer by modulating carcinogen metabolism. J Nutr. 2001 Nov;131(11 Suppl):3027S-3033S.

32. Fahey JW, Zhang Y, Talalay P. Broccoli sprouts: an exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1997 94:10367-72.

33. Hanausek M, Walaszek Z, Slaga TJ. Detoxifying cancer-causing agents to prevent cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 2003 Jun;2(2):139-44.

34. Walaszek Z, Szemraj J, Narag M, et al. Metabolism, uptake, and excretion of a D-glucaric acid salt and potential use in cancer prevention. Cancer Detect Prev. 1997 21(2):178-90.

35. Walaszek Z, Hanausek M, Sherman U, et al. Antiproliferative effect of dietary glucarate on the Sprague-Dawley rat mammary gland. Cancer Lett. 1990 Jan;49(1):51-7.

36. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. JAMA. 1994 Nov 9;272(18):1413-20.

37. Wilcox, JK, Catignani, GL, Lazarus, S. Tomatoes and cardiovascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2003 43(1):1-18.

38. Ahuja KD, Ashton EL, Ball MJ. Effects of lipid-lowering, carotenoid-controlled diets on the oxidative modifications of low-density lipoproteins in free-living humans. Clin Sci. [Lond] 2003 Sep;105(3):355-61.

39. Wertz K, Siler U, Goralczyk R. Lycopene: modes of action to promote prostate health. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004 Oct 1;430(1):127-34.

40. Visioli F, Galli C. Biological properties of olive oil phytochemicals. Cri Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2002;42(3):209-21.

41. Valavanidis A, Nisiotou C, Papageoriou Y, et al. Comparison of the radical scavenging potential of polar and lipidic fractions of olive oil and other vegetable oils under normal conditions and after thermal treatment. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Apr 21;52(8):2358-65.

42. Ranalli A, Lucera L, Contento S. Antioxidizing potency of phenol compounds in olive mill wastewater. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 17;51(26):7636-41.

43. Valavanidis A, Nisiotou C, Papageoriou Y, et al. Comparison of the radical scavenging potential of polar and lipidic fractions of olive oil and other vegetable oils under normal conditions and after thermal treatment. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Apr 21;52(8):2358-65.

44. Carluccio MA, Siculella L, Ancora MA, et al. Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation: antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Apr 1;23(4):622-9.

45. Paiva-Martins F, Gordon MH, Gameiro P. Activity and location of olive oil phenolic antioxidants in liposomes. Chem Phys Lipids. 2003 Jun;124(1):23-36.

46. Haban P, Klvanova J, Zidekova E, et al. Dietary supplementation with olive oil leads to improved lipoprotein spectrum and lower n-6 PUFAs in elderly subjects. Med. Sci. Monit. 2004 Apr;10(4):I49-I54.

47. Vissers MN, Zock PL, Katan MB. Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of olive oil phenols in humans – a review. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;58(6):955-65.

48. Parker RS, Sontag TJ. Cytochrome P-450 omega-hydroxylase pathway of tocopherol catabolism. Novel mechanism of regulation of vitamin E status. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 12;277(28):25290-6.

49. Meier R, Tomizaki T, Schulze-Briese C, et al. The molecular basis of vitamin E retention: structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 15;331(3):725-34.

50. Ikeda S, Kagaya M, Kobayashi K, et al. Dietary sesame lignans decrease lipid peroxidation in rats fed docosahexaenoic acid. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol [Tokyo]. 2003 Aug;49(4):270-6.

51. Kang MH, Naito M, Sakai K, et al. Mode of action of sesame lignans in protecting low-density lipoprotein against oxidative damage in vitro. Life Sci. 2000;66(2):161-71.

52. Kang MH, Naito M, Tsujihara N, et al. Sesamolin inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. J Nutr. 1998 Jun;128(6):1018-22.

53. Christen S, Woodall AA, Shigenaga MK, et al. Gamma-tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NO(X) complements alpha-tocopherol: physiological implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 1997 Apr;94(7):3217-22.

54. Grant KE, Chandler RM, Castle AL, et al. Chromium and Exercise Training: Effect on Obese Women. Med Science Sports Exer. 1997 29:992-8.

55. Humphries S, Kushner H, Falkner B. Low dietary magnesium is associated with insulin resistance in a sample of young, non-diabetic Black Americans. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):747-56.

56. Zhang H, Osada K, Maebashi M, et al. A high biotin diet improves the impaired glucose tolerance of long-term spontaneously hyperglycemic rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Japan). 1996 Dec;42(6):517-26.

57. Koutsikos D, Fourtounas C, Kapetanaki A, et al. Oral glucose tolerance test after high-dose IV biotin administration in normoglucemic hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure (USA). 1996 Jan;18(1):131-7.

58. Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solorzano-Vargas RS, Del Rio, AL. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res. 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):439-47.

59. Koike M, Koshizuka K, Yang R, et al. 20-Cyclopropyl-cholecalciferol vitamin D3 analogs: a unique class of potent inhibitors of proliferation of human prostate, breast, and myeloid leukemia cell lines. Anticancer Res. 1999 May-Jun;19(3A):1689-97.

60. Hisatake J, O’Kelly J, Uskokovic MR, et al. Novel vitamin D(3) analog, 21-(3-methyl-3-hydroxy-butyl)-19-nor D(3), that modulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and induction of PTEN in leukemic cells. Blood. 2001 Apr 15;97(8):2427-33.

61. Dietrich T, Joshipura KJ, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and periodontal disease in the U.S. population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):108-13.

62. Doetsch AM, Faber J, Lynnerup N, et al. The effect of calcium and vitamin D-3 supplementation on the healing of the proximal humerus fracture: a randomized placebo controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2004 Sep;75(3):183-8.

63. Harwood RH, Sahota O, Gaynor K, et al. A randomized controlled comparison of different calcium and vitamin D supplementation regimens in elderly women after hip fracture: The Nottingham neck of femur study. Age Aging. 2004 Jan;33(1):45-51.

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*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. You should not stop taking any medication without first consulting your physician.