|
LE Magazine May 2002

Page 3 of 3
References
View the abstracts
for this article's references
1. J Gerontol. Effects of tocotrienols on
life span and protein carbonylation in Caenorhabditis elegans.
A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000
Jun;55(6):B280-5.
2. Rimm EB, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of
coronary heart disease in men. N
Engl J Med 1993 May 20;328(20):1450-6.
3. Stampfer MJ, et al. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of
coronary disease in women. N Engl
J Med 1993 May 20;328(20):1444-9.
4. Stephens NG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of vitamin
E in patients with coronary disease. Lancet 1996 Mar
23;347(9004):781-6.
5. Meagher EA, et al. Effects of vitamin E on lipid
peroxidation in healthy persons. JAMA 2001 Mar
7;285(9):1178-82.
6. Hodis HN, et al. Serial coronary angiographic evidence
that antioxidant vitamin intake reduces progression of
coronary artery atherosclerosis. JAMA 1995 Jun
21;273(23):1849-54.
7. Yusuf S. Clinical, public health, and research
implications of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation
(HOPE) Study. Eur Heart J
2001 Jan;22(2):103-4.
8. Regnstrom J, et al. Inverse relation between the
concentration of low-density-lipoprotein vitamin E and
severity of coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1996
Mar;63(3):377-85.
9. Kushi LH, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death
from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996 May
2;334(18):1156-62.
10. Knekt P, et al. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary
mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiol 1994 Jun
15;139(12):1180-9.
11. Bieri J G . Sources and consumption of antioxidants in
the diet. J Am Oil Chem Soc
61 (12). 1984. 1917-1918. 1984.
12. Handelman GJ, et al. Oral alpha tocopherol supplements
decrease plasma gamma tocopherol levels in humans. J Nutr 1985
Jun;115(6):807-13.
13. Ohrvall M, et al. Gamma, but not alpha, tocopherol levels
in serum are reduced in coronary heart disease patients. J Intern Med 1996
Feb;239(2):111-7.
14. Christen S, et al. gamma tocopherol traps mutagenic
electrophiles such as NO(X) and complements alpha tocopherol:
physiological implications. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3217-22.
15. Cooney RV, et al. gamma tocopherol detoxification of
nitrogen dioxide: superiority to alpha tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Mar
1;90(5):1771-5.
16. Adachi H, et al. Effects of tocotrienols on life span and
protein carbonylation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
2000 Jun;55(6):B280-5.
17. Tomeo AC, et al. Antioxidant effects of tocotrienols in
patients with hyperlipidemia and carotid stenosis. Lipids 1995
Dec;30(12):1179-83.
18. Parker RA, et al. Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol
production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional
suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
reductase. J Biol Chem 1993
May 25;268(15):11230-8.
19. Qureshi AA, et al. Lowering of serum cholesterol in
hypercholesterolemic humans by tocotrienols (palmvitee). Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Apr;53(4
Suppl):1021S-1026S.
20. Qureshi A.A., et al. Novel tocotrienols of rice bran
modulate cardiovascular disease risk parameters of
hypercholesterolomic humans. Journal of Nutritional
Biochemistry ( J. NUTR.
BIOCHEM. ) (United States) 1997, 8/5 (290-298).
21. Brown G, et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as
a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high
levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl
J Med 1990 Nov 8;323(19):1289-98.
22. Maciejko JJ, et al. Apolipoprotein A-I as a marker of
angiographically assessed coronary-artery disease. N Engl J Med 1983 Aug
18;309(7):385-9.
23. Barbir M, et al. High prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia
and apolipoprotein abnormalities in coronary artery disease.
Br Heart J 1988
Nov;60(5):397-403.
24. Jiang Q, et al. gamma tocopherol and its major
metabolite, in contrast to alpha tocopherol, inhibit
cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2000 Oct 10;97(21):11494-9.
25. Saldeen T, et al. Differential effects of alpha- and
gamma tocopherol on low-density lipoprotein oxidation,
superoxide activity, platelet aggregation and arterial
thrombogenesis. J Am Coll
Cardiol 1999 Oct;34(4):1208-15.
26. Qureshi AA, et al. Synergistic effect of tocotrienol-rich
fraction (TRF(25)) of rice bran and lovastatin on lipid
parameters in hypercholesterolemic humans. J Nutr Biochem 2001
Jun;12(6):318-329.
27. Watkins T, et al. gamma tocotrienol as a
hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant agent in rats fed
atherogenic diets. Lipids
1993 Dec;28(12):1113-8.
28. Kline K, et al. Vitamin E: mechanisms of action as tumor
cell growth inhibitors. J
Nutr 2001 Jan;131(1):161S-163S.
29. Elson CE, et al. The chemoprevention of cancer by
mevalonate-derived constituents of fruits and vegetables.
J Nutr 1994
May;124(5):607-14.
30. Mo H, et al. Apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in human and
murine tumor cells are initiated by isoprenoids. J Nutr 1999
Apr;129(4):804-13.
31. He L, et al. Isoprenoids suppress the growth of murine
B16 melanomas in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr 1997
May;127(5):668-74.
32. Block G, et al. Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention:
a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer
1992;18(1):1-29.
33. Elson CE, et al. Isoprenoid-mediated inhibition of
mevalonate synthesis: potential application to cancer. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999
Sep;221(4):294-311.
34. Elson CE. Suppression of mevalonate pathway activities by
dietary isoprenoids: protective roles in cancer and
cardiovascular disease. .J
Nutr 1995 Jun;125(6 Suppl):1666S-1672S.
35. Rahmat A, et al. Long-term administration of tocotrienols
and tumor-marker enzyme activities during hepatocarcinogenesis
in rats. Nutrition 1993
May-Jun;9(3):229-32.
36. Ong FB, et al. Glutathione S-transferase and
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in cultured rat
hepatocytes treated with tocotrienol and tocopherol. Comp Biochem Physiol C 1993
Sep;106(1):237-40.
37. He L, et al. Isoprenoids suppress the growth of murine
B16 melanomas in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr 1997
May;127(5):668-74.
38. Nesaretnam K, et al. Effect of tocotrienols on the growth
of a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Lipids 1995
Dec;30(12):1139-43.
39. Nesaretnam K, et al. Tocotrienols inhibit the growth of
human breast cancer cells irrespective of estrogen receptor
status. Lipids 1998
May;33(5):461-9.
40. Nesaretnam K, et al. Tocotrienols inhibit growth of
ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Int J
Food Sci Nutr 2000;51 Suppl:S95-103.
41. Guthrie N, et al. Inhibition of proliferation of estrogen
receptor-negative MDA-MB-435 and -positive MCF-7 human breast
cancer cells by palm oil tocotrienols and tamoxifen, alone and
in combination. J Nutr 1997
Mar;127(3):544S-548S.
42. Yu W, et al. Induction of apoptosis in human breast
cancer cells by tocopherols and tocotrienols. Nutr Cancer
1999;33(1):26-32.
43. McIntyre BS, et al. Antiproliferative and apoptotic
effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on preneoplastic and
neoplastic mouse mammary epithelial cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000
Sep;224(4):292-301.
44. McIntyre BS, et al. Antiproliferative and apoptotic
effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on normal mouse
mammary epithelial cells. Lipids 2000
Feb;35(2):171-80.
45. Osborne CK, et al. Comparison of the effects of a pure
steroidal antiestrogen with those of tamoxifen in a model of
human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer
Inst 1995 May 17;87(10):746-50.
46. Moyad MA, et al. Vitamin E, alpha- and gamma tocopherol,
and prostate cancer. Semin Urol
Oncol 1999 May;17(2):85-90.
47. Helzlsouer KJ, et al. Association between alpha
tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, selenium, and subsequent
prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer
Inst 2000 Dec 20;92(24):2018-23.
48. Steinberg D, et al. Lipoproteins and the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis. Circulation 1989
Sep;80(3):719-23.
49. Yla-Herttuala S, et al. Evidence for the presence of
oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in
atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J Clin Invest 1989
Oct;84(4):1086-95.
50. Cooney RV, et al. gamma tocopherol detoxification of
nitrogen dioxide: superiority to alpha tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Mar
1;90(5):1771-5.
51. Christen S, et al. gamma tocopherol traps mutagenic
electrophiles such as NO(X) and complements alpha tocopherol:
physiological implications. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3217-22.
52. Packer L, et al. Molecular aspects of alpha tocotrienol
antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr 2001
Feb;131(2):369S-73S.
53. Serbinova E, et al. Free radical recycling and
intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha
tocopherol and alpha tocotrienol. Free Radic Biol Med
1991;10(5):263-75.
54. Serbinova E, et al. Palm oil vitamin E protects against
ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused
Langendorff heart. Malaysia
Nutrition Research ( NUTR.
RES. ) (United States) 1992 , 12/SUPPL.
(S203-S215).
55. Kamat JP, et al. Tocotrienols from palm oil as potent
inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in rat
brain mitochondria. Neurosci
Lett 1995 Aug 11;195(3):179-82
56. Kamat JP, et al. Tocotrienols from palm oil as effective
inhibitors of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in rat
liver microsomes. Mol Cell
Biochem 1997 May;170(1-2):131-7.
57. Cooney RV, et al. gamma tocopherol detoxification of
nitrogen dioxide: superiority to alpha tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Mar
1;90(5):1771-5.
58. Handelman GJ, et al. Oral alpha tocopherol supplements
decrease plasma gamma tocopherol levels in humans. J Nutr 1985
Jun;115(6):807-13.
59. Wechter WJ, et al. A new endogenous natriuretic factor:
LLU-alpha. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A 1996 Jun 11;93(12):6002-7.
60. Hattori A, et al. Production of LLU-alpha following an
oral administration of gamma tocotrienol or gamma tocopherol
to rats. Biol Pharm Bull
2000 Nov;23(11):1395-7.
61. Hattori A, et al. Occurrence and determination of a
natriuretic hormone,
2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy chroman, in
rat plasma, urine, and bile. Anal
Biochem 2000 Jun 1;281(2):209-15.
62. Newaz MA, et al. Effect of gamma tocotrienol on blood
pressure, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in
spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Clin Exp Hypertens 1999
Nov;21(8):1297-313.
63. Bendich A, et al. Safety of oral intake of vitamin E.
Am J Clin Nutr 1988
Sep;48(3):612-9.
64. Diplock AT. Safety of antioxidant vitamins and
beta-carotene. Am J Clin
Nutr 1995 Dec;62(6 Suppl):1510S-1516S.
65. Meyers DG, et al. Safety of antioxidant vitamins. Arch Intern Med 1996 May
13;156(9):925-35.
66. Corrigan JJ Jr, et al. Effect of vitamin E on prothrombin
levels in warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1981
Sep;34(9):1701-5.
67. Brown KM, et al. Erythrocyte vitamin E and plasma
ascorbate concentrations in relation to erythrocyte
peroxidation in smokers and nonsmokers: dose response to
vitamin E supplementation. Am J
Clin Nutr 1997 Feb;65(2):496-502.
Back to
the Magazine Forum
|