1. Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum thyrotropin, thyroxine and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):489-99. 2. Mazzaferri EL. Adult hypothyroidism. Manifestations and clinical presentation. Postgraduate Medicine. 1988;79:64-72. 3. Redmond GP. Hypothyroidism and women’s health. Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2002 May;47(3):123-7. 4. Tachman ML, Guthrie GP Jr. Hypothyroidism: diversity of presentation. Endocr Rev. 1984;5(3):456-65. 5. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. AACE medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Endocrine Practice. 2002;8. 6. Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Feb 15;132(4):270-8. 7. Vanderpump MP, Turnbridge WM. Epidemiology and prevention of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2002 Oct;12(10):839-47. 8. Weetman AP. Hypothyroidism: screening and subclinical disease. BMJ. 1997 Apr 19;314(7088):1175-8. 9. Pop VJ, Maartens LH, Leusink G, et al. Are autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and depression related? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Sep;83(9):3194-7. 10. Davis JD, Stern RA, Flashman LA. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism: significance in the elderly. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 Oct;5(5)384-90. 11. Dugbartey AT. Neurocognitive aspects of hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jul 13;158(13):1413-8. 12. Burmeister LA, Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Toczek T, DeKosky ST, Nebes RD. Hypothyroidism and cognition: preliminary evidence for a specific defect in memory. Thyroid. 2001 Dec;11(12):1177-85. 13. Stagias JG, Marignani P. Diarrhea, constipation, and hypothyroidism. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1994 Jun;18(4):347. 14. Bertoli A, Fusco A, Andreoli A, et al. Effect of subclinical hypothyroidism and obesity on whole-body and regional bone mineral con- tent. Horm Res. 2002;57(3-4):79-84. 15. Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, et al. Disturbances of menstruation in hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol. 1999 May;50(5):655-9. 16. Mazzaferri EL, Surks MI. Recognizing the faces of hypothyroidism. Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1999 Mar 15;34(3):93-6,101-5,109-10. 17. Schoenfeld PS, Myers JW, Myers L, LaRocque JC. Suppression of cell-mediated immunity in hypothyroidism. South Med J. 1995 Mar;88(3):347-9. 18. Hanczycowa H, Lubczynska-Kowalska W. Fatty liver degeneration in hypothyroidism. Pol Tyg Lek. 1977 Nov 7;32(45):1765-6. 19. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Feb 28;160(4):625-34. 20. Ineck BA, Ng TM. Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and its treatment on serum lipids. Ann Pharmacother. 2003 May;37(5):725-30. 21. Cappola AR, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism and atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrin Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2438-44. 22. Meier C, Staub JJ, Roth CB, et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study). J Clin Endocrin Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4860-6. 23. Coleman R, Hay RJ. Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis associated with hypothyroidism: a distinct syndrome? Br J Dermatol. 1997 Jan;136(1):24-9. 24. Samaan NA. Hypoglycemia secondary to endocrine deficiencies. Endocrin Metab Clin North Am. 1989 Mar;18(1):145-54. 25. Shah JH, Cerchio GM. Hypoinsulinemia of hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med. 1973 Nov;132(5):657-61. 26. Green ST, Ng JP. Hypothyroidism and anaemia. Biomed Pharmacother. 1986;40(9):326-31. 27. Ascheim DD, Hryniewicz K. Thyroid hor- mone metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure: the low triiodothyronine state. Thyroid. 2002 Jun;12(6):511-5. 28. Pedersen O, Richelsen B, Bak J, et al. Characterization of the insulin resistance of glucose utilization in adipocytes from patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism. Acta Endocrin. 1998; 119:228-34. 29. Perros P, McCrimmon RJ, Shaw G, Frier BM. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: value of annual screening. Diabet Med. 1995 Jul;12(7):622-7. 30. Gpyal RK, Kumar R, McNeill JH. Pharmacological evidences for the associa- tion of hypothyroidism with diabetes mellitus. Ind J Pharmacol. 1990;22:71-7. 31. Teitelbaum J. How CFS, fibromyalgia, or stress can make you gain weight. Townsend Letter. 2004;249:144-6. 32. Monzani F, Caraccio N, Del Guerra P, Casolaro A, Ferrannini E. Neuromuscular symptoms and dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroid patients: beneficial effect of L- T4 replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol. 1999 Aug;51(2):237-42. 33. Taniyama M, Honma K, Ban Y. Urinary cortisol metabolites in the assessment of peripheral thyroid hormone action: application for diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone. Thyroid. 1993;3(3):229-33. 34. Vantyghem MC, Ghulam A, Hober C, et al. Urinary cortisol metabolites in the assessment of peripheral thyroid hormone action: overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. J Endocrinol Invest. 1998 Apr;21(4):219-25. 35. Akande EO. Plasma concentration of gonadotrophins, oestrogen and progesterone in hypothyroid women. Bri J Obst Gyn. 1975;82:552-6. 36. Bradlow HL, Fukushima DK, Zumoff B, Hellman L, Gallagher TF. Influence of thyroid hormone on progesterone transformation in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1966 Aug;26(8):831-4. 37. Kelso GF, Porteous CM, Hughes G, et al. Prevention of mitochondrial oxidative damage using targeted antioxidants. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:263-74. 38. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC; National Academy Press; 2002. Available at: www.nap.edu/books/0309072794.html. Accessed June 24, 2004. 39. Lall SB, Singh B, Gulati K, Seth SD. Role of nutrition in toxic injury. Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Feb;37(2):109-16. 40. Neve J. Physiological and nutritional importance of selenium. Experientia. 1991 Feb 15;47(2):187-93. 41. Bunevicius R, Kazanavicius G, Zalinkevicius R, Prange AJ Jr. Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb11;340(6):424-9. 42. Wagner H, Norr H, Winterhoff H. Plant adaptogens. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:63-76. 43. Tomoda M, Hirabayashi K, Shimizu N, Gonda R, Ohara N, Takada K. Characterization of two novel polysaccha-rides having immunological activities from the root of Panax ginseng. Biol Pharm Bull. 1993 Nov; 16(11):1087-90. |