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Blood Testing Protocols

Carotene, Beta

This test is used to confirm carotenoderma and detect fat malabsorption and depressed carotene levels that may be found in cases of steatorrhea.

Reference Range:

10–85 µg/dL

Chemistry Panel/CBC

This panel is a comprehensive blood evaluation including the following 35 tests:

Glucose Fasting
This test directly measures glucose levels and is commonly used in the evaluation of diabetes.

Reference Range:

65–99 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

70–85 mg/dL

Uric Acid
This test is used in the evaluation of gout or recurrent urinary calculus.

Reference Range:

2.4–8.2 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

3–7 mg/dL

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
This test is used to measure liver function and to indirectly assess renal function and glomerular filtration rate.

Reference Range:

5–26 mg/dL

Creatinine
This is a renal function test used to estimate glomerular filtration rate and to follow progression of renal disease.

Reference Range:

0.5–1.5 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

<1.5 mg/dL and ideally <1.1 mg/dL

BUN/Creatinine Ratio
This test is used to diagnose impaired renal function. With creatinine, BUN is used to monitor patients on dialysis.

Reference Range:

8:1–27:1

Sodium
This routine test is used to evaluate and monitor fluid and electrolyte balance and therapy.

Reference Range:

135–148 mmol/L

Potassium
This routine test is used to evaluate and monitor electrolyte balance and is especially important for cardiac patients.

Reference Range:

3.5–5.5 mmol/L

Chloride
This test by itself does not provide adequate information. However, as part of a multiphasic testing for electrolytes, it can give an indication of acid-base balance and hydration status.

Reference Range:

96–109 mmol/L

Carbon Dioxide
This test is used to assist in the evaluation of pH and electrolyte status.

Reference Range:

20–32 mmol/L

Calcium
This test is used to evaluate parathyroid function and calcium metabolism.

Reference Range:

8.5–10.6 mg/dL

Phosphorus
This test is used to measure serum phosphorus levels. An imbalance could indicate the possibility of any number of conditions.

Reference Range for people between 12 and 60 years old:

2.5–4.5 mg/dL

Protein/Albumin/Globulin
This test is used to assist in the diagnosis of many diseases that affect blood proteins as a whole or one single fraction of protein.

Reference Range:

 

Total Protein:

6.0–8.5 g/dL

Albumin:

3.5–5.5 g/dL

Globulin:

1.5–4.5 g/dL

Albumin/Globulin Ratio
This test is used to evaluate renal disease and other chronic diseases.

Reference Range:

1.1:1–2.5:1

Bilirubin
This test is used to evaluate liver function.

Reference Range:

 

Total Bilirubin:

0.1–1.2 mg/dL

Alkaline Phosphatase
This test is used to detect and monitor liver or bone disease.

Reference Range:

25–150 IU/L

LDH (Lactic Dehydrogenase)
This test measures the intracellular enzyme LDH, which when present in the blood, supports the diagnosis of injury or disease.

Reference Range:

100–250 IU/L

AST (SGOT)
This test is used to evaluate the possibility of coronary occlusive heart disease or liver disease.

Reference Range:

0–40 IU/L

ALT (SGPT)
This test is used to identify liver disease and to distinguish between liver and red blood cell hemolysis as the source of jaundice.

Reference Ranges:

 

Men:

0–55 IU/L

Women:

0–40 IU/L

Iron
This test is used to evaluate many diseases, including iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis.

Reference Range:

35–155 µg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

40–100 µg/dL

Cholesterol
This test is used to determine the risk of developing coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemias.

Reference Range:

100–199 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

180–200 mg/dL

Triglycerides
This test is used to identify the risk of developing coronary heart disease or when disorders in fat metabolism are suspected.

Reference Range:

0–149 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

Under 100 mg/dL

HDL Cholesterol
This test measures alpha lipoprotein and is used to predict heart disease.

Reference Range:

40–59 mg/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

>60mg/dL

LDL Cholesterol
This test measures beta lipoproteins and is also used to predict heart disease.

Reference Range:

0–99 mg/dL

Ratio of Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol
This test is used to determine the risk of coronary heart disease.

Reference Range:

 

Men:

5:1 or less

Women:

4.4:1 or less

LE’s Optimal Range:

3:1 or less

CBC (Complete Blood Count) with Platelets and Differential

This is a series of tests of the peripheral blood that provides a variety of information about the blood components.

White Blood Cell Count

Reference Range:

4.0–10.5 x10E3/uL

Red Blood Cell Count

Reference Ranges:

 

Men:

4.1–5.6 x10E6/uL

Women:

3.8–5.10 x10E6/uL

Hemoglobin

Reference Ranges:

 

Men:

12.5–17.0 g/dL

Women:

11.5–15.0 g/dL

LE’s Optimal Range:

Upper end of reference range

Hematocrit

Reference Ranges:

 

Men:

34–50%

Women:

34–44%

LE’s Optimal Range:

Upper end of reference range

Red Blood Cell Indices

Mean Corpuscular Volume

Reference Range:

80–98 fL

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Reference Range:

27–34 pg

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

Reference Range:

32–36 g/dL

Red Blood Cell Distribution of Width

Reference Range:

11.7–15.0%

Differential Count

Reference Ranges:

 

Polyneutrophils:

1.8–7.8 x10E3/uL

Lymphocytes:

0.7–4.5 x10E3/uL

Monocytes:

0.1–1.0 x10E3/uL

Eosinophils:

0.0–0.4 x10E3/uL

Basophils:

0.0–0.2 x10E3/uL

Platelet Count

Reference Range:

140–415 x10E3/uL

LE’s Optimal Range:

<50 x10E3/uL

C-Peptide

This test is used to evaluate diabetics and monitor insulinoma.

Reference Ranges:

1.1–5.0 ng/mL

Cortisol A.M.–P.M.

This test is to measure adrenal function. It is used to diagnose adreno-cortical insufficiency or hypersecretion and Cushing’s syndrome and is also useful in detecting malfunction of the hypothalamic axis.

Reference Ranges:

 

a.m.:

4.3–22.4 µg/dL

p.m.:

3.1–16.7 µg/dL

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (Cardiac) (High Sensitivity)

This test is used to assess risk of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease.

Relative Risk Category

AverageHigh Sensitivity CRP Level

Low

<1.0 mg/L

Average

1.0 mg/L–3.0 mg/L

High

>3.0 mg/L

LE’s Optimal Ranges:

 

Men:

<0.55 mg/L

Women:

<1.5 mg/L

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