Depression
Updated: 06/30/2006

References

Abadie JM, Wright B et al. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on neurotransmitter levels and appetite regulation of the obese Zucker rat. The Obesity Research Program. Diabetes. 1993 May;42(5):662–9.

Amore M. Partial androgen deficiency and neuropsychiatric symptoms in aging men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(11 Suppl 2):49–54.

Antonijevic IA. Depressive disorders -- is it time to endorse different pathophysiologies? Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006 Jan;31(1):1-15. Epub 2005 Jun 13.

Barrett-Connor E, Von Muhlen DG et al. Bioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men: The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):573–7.

Bell KM, Potkin SG et al. S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: Changes with drug treatment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:15–8.

Bethea CL, Pecins-Thompson M et al. Ovarian steroids and serotonin neural function. Mol Neurobiol. 1998 Oct;18(2):87-123. Review.

Birzniece V, Backstrom T et al. Neuroactive steroid effects on cognitive functions with a focus on the serotonin and GABA systems. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2006 Aug;51(2):212–39.

Bourin M, David DJ et al. Mechanism of action of antidepressants and therapeutic perspectives. Therapie. 2002 Jul- Aug;57(4):385–96.

Bourre JM, Dumont O et al. Essentiality of omega 3 fatty acids for brain structure and function. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1991;66:103–17.

Burr ML, Fehily AM et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: Diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet. 1989 Sep 30;2(8666):757–61.

Campbell S, Macqueen G. The role of the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of major depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004 Nov;29(6):417–26.

Chen CS, Tsai JC et al. Homocysteine levels, MTHFR C677T genotype, and MRI Hyperintensities in late-onset major depressive disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;13(10):869–75.

Clayton AH, Pradko JF et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among newer antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;63(4):357–66.

Coppen A, Bailey J. Enhancement of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: A randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2000 Nov;60(2):121–30.

Degner D, Grohmann R et al. Severe adverse drug reactions of antidepressants: Results of the German multicenter drug surveillance program AMSP. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004 Mar;37 Suppl 1:S39–S45.

Delle CR, Pancheri P et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral and intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) in the treatment of major depression: Comparison with imipramine in 2 multicenter studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(5):1172S–1176S.

Devlin TM. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations. 5th ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001.

Drugs vs. Talk Therapy: 3,079 readers rate their care for depression and anxiety. Consum Rep. 2004 Oct;69(10):22–9.

Dudman NP, Guo XW et al. Human homocysteine catabolism: Three major pathways and their relevance to development of arterial occlusive disease. J Nutr. 1996 Apr;126(suppl 4):1295S–1300S.

Elenkov IJ, Iezzoni DG et al. Cytokine dysregulation, inflammation and well-being. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2005;12(5):255–69.

Finkelstein JD, Martin JJ. Methionine metabolism in mammals: Distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways. J Biol Chem. 1984 Aug 10;259(15):9508–13.

Food and Drug Administration 2004. Available at: http://www.fdaadvisorycommittee.com/FDC/AdvisoryCommittee/Committees/Anti-Infective+Drugs/020204_Suicide/020204_SuicideR.htm. Accessed October 21, 2004.

Gottfries CG. Late life depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;251 Suppl 2:II57–61.

Gregorian RS, Golden KA et al. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Ann Pharmacother. 2002 Oct;36(10):1577–89.

Grigoriadis S, Kennedy SH. Role of estrogen in the treatment of depression. Am J Ther. 2002 Nov;9(6):503–9.

Hintikka J, Tolmunen T et al. High vitamin B12 level and good treatment outcome may be associated in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 2;3(1):17.

Hou C, Jia F et al. CSF serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and neuropeptide Y levels in severe major depressive disorder. Brain Res. 2006 Jun 20;1095(1):154–8.

Joffe H, Cohen LS. Estrogen, serotonin, and mood disturbance: Where is the therapeutic bridge? Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Nov 1;44(9):798–811.

Karishma KK, Herbert J. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the rat, promotes survival of newly formed neurons and prevents corticosterone-induced suppression. Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Aug;16(3):445–53.

Kendall DA, Stancel GM et al. The influence of sex hormones on antidepressant-induced alterations in neurotransmitter receptor binding. J Neurosci. 1982 Mar;2(3):354–60.

Kessler RC, Walters EE. Epidemiology of DSM-III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety. 1998;7(1):3–14.

Khanzode SD, Dakhale GN et al. Oxidative damage and major depression: The potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Redox Rep. 2003;8(6):365–70.

Kim HL, Streltzer J et al. St. John’s wort for depression: A meta-analysis of well-defined clinical trials. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999 Sep;187(9):532–8.

Kroczka B, Branski P et al. Antidepressant-like properties of zinc in rodent forced swim test. Brain Res Bull. 2001 May 15;55(2):297–300.

Larsson B, Ivarsson T. Clinical characteristics of adolescent psychiatric inpatients who have attempted suicide. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998;7(4):201–8.

Lecrubier Y, Clerc G et al. Efficacy of St. John’s wort extract WS 5570 in major depression: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;159(8):1361–6.

Lee H, Kim JH, et al. Creatine synthesis and transport systems in the male rat reproductive tract. Biol Reprod. 1998 Jun;58(6):1437–44.

Linde K, Ramirez G et al. St John’s wort for depression: An overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 1996 Aug 3;313(7052):253–8.

Lindeman RD, Romero LJ et al. Serum vitamin B12, C and folate concentrations in the New Mexico elder health survey: correlations with cognitive and affective functions. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Feb;19(1):68-76.

Logan AC. Neurobehavioral aspects of omega-3 fatty acids: Possible mechanisms and therapeutic value in major depression. Altern Med Rev. 2003 Nov;8(4):410–25.

Maes M, De Vos N et al. Lower serum vitamin E concentrations in major depression: Another marker of lowered antioxidant defenses in that illness. J Affect Disord. 2000 Jun;58(3):241–6.

Maes M, D’Haese PC et al. Hypozincemia in depression. J Affect Disord. 1994 Jun;31(2):135–40.

Maes M, Vandoolaeghe E et al. Lower serum zinc in major depression is a sensitive marker of treatment resistance and of the immune/inflammatory response in that illness. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Sep 1;42(5):349–58.

Masand PS. Tolerability and adherence issues in antidepressant therapy. Clin Ther. 2003 Aug;25(8):2289–304.

McKee T, McKee JR. Aerobic metabolism. In: Peterson KA, Horn MB, eds. Bichemistry: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1999a:289–330.

McKee T, McKee JR. Nitrogen metabolism I: Synthesis. In: Peterson KA, Horn MB, eds. Biochemistry: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1999b:359–408.

McLoughlin IJ, Hodge JS. Zinc in depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990 Dec;82(6):451–3.

Meyers S. Use of neurotransmitter precursors for treatment of depression. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Feb;5(1):64–71.

Miller KJ, Conney JC et al. Mood symptoms and cognitive performance in women estrogen users and nonusers and men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Nov;50(11):1826–30.

Mischoulon D, Fava M. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: A review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(5):1158S–61S.

Morris MS, Fava M et al. Depression and folate status in the US population. Psychother Psychosom. 2003 Mar;72(2):80–7.

Murphy SE, Longhitano C et al. Tryptophan supplementation induces a positive bias in the processing of emotional material in healthy female volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Jul;187(1):121–30.

Nangia M, Syed W et al. Efficacy and safety of St. John’s wort for the treatment of major depression. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Dec;3(4A):487–94.

Nemeroff CB. Improving antidepressant adherence. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 18:25–30.

Nemets H, Nemets R et al. Omega-3 treatment of childhood depression: a controlled, double-blind pilot study. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;163(6):1098-100.

Norman TR. Prospects for the treatment of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006 May;40(5):394–401.

Nowak G, Schlegel-Zawadzka M. Alterations in serum and brain trace element levels after antidepressant treatment: Part I. Zinc. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Jan;67(1):85–92.

Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Mechanisms contributing to antidepressant zinc actions. Pol J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;54(6):587–92.

Pancheri P, Scapicchio P et al. A double-blind, randomized parallel-group, efficacy and safety study of intramuscular S-adenosyl-L-methionine 1,4-butanedisulphonate (SAMe) versus imipramine in patients with major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2002;5(4):287–94.

Parnetti L, Bottiglieri T et al. Role of homocysteine in age-related vascular and non-vascular diseases. Aging (Milano). 1997 Aug;9(4):241–57.

Penninx BW, Guralnik JM et al. Vitamin B(12) deficiency and depression in physically disabled older women: Epidemiologic evidence from the Women’s Health and Aging Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 May;157(5):715–21.

Pope HG Jr, Cohane GH et al. Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;160(1):105–11.

Prange AJ Jr, Wilson IC et al. L-tryptophan in mania: Contribution to a permissive hypothesis of affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Feb;30(1):56–62.

Puri BK, Counsell SJ et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid in treatment-resistant depression associated with symptom remission, structural brain changes and reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover. Int J Clin Pract. 2001 Oct;55(8):560–3.

Qin XS, Jin KH et al. Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba with venlafaxine on brain injury in a rat model of depression. Chin Med J (Engl). 2005 Mar 5;118(5):391–7.

Rabkin JG, McElhiney MC et al. Placebo-controlled trial of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for treatment of nonmajor depression in patients with HIV/AIDS. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;163(1):59–66.

Rosen RC, Marin H. Prevalence of antidepressant-associated erectile dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 10:5–10.

Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ et al. Estrogen-serotonin interactions: Implications for affective regulation. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Nov 1;44(9):839–50.

Schmidt PJ, Daly RC et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone monotherapy in midlife-onset major and minor depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;62(2):154–62.

Schneider LS, Small GW et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and antidepressant response to sertraline in older depressed women. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;9(4):393–9.

Schweiger U, Deuschle M et al. Testosterone, gonadotropin, and cortisol secretion in male patients with major depression. Psychosom Med. 1999 May;61(3):292–6.

Silveri MM, Parow AM et al. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Effects on brain bioenergetic status and transverse relaxation time in healthy subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct 15;54(8):833–9.

Singh RB, Niaz MA et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: The Indian experiment of infarct survival—4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1997 Jul;11(3):485–91.

Stabler SP, Allen RH et al. Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency. Blood. 1990 Sep 1;76(5):871–81.

Stead LM, Au KP et al. Methylation demand and homocysteine metabolism: Effects of dietary provision of creatine and guanidinoacetate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;281(5):E1095–E1100.

Takeda A. Movement of zinc and its functional significance in the brain. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Dec;34(3):137–48.

Thomas AJ, Kalaria RN et al. Depression and vascular disease: What is the relationship? J Affect Disord. 2004 Apr;79(1-3):81–95.

Thomas AJ, Perry R et al. Neuropathological evidence for ischemia in the white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;18(1):7–13.

Tiemeier H. Biological risk factors for late life depression. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(8):745–50.

Vaswani M, Linda FK et al. Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;27(1):85–102.

Wheatley D. Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba in sexual dysfunction due to antidepressant drugs. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Dec;19(8):545–8.

Williams AL, Cotter A et al. The role for vitamin B-6 as treatment for depression: A systematic review. Fam Pract. 2005 Oct;22(5):532–7.

Williams AL, Katz D et al. Do essential fatty acids have a role in the treatment of depression? J Affect Disord. 2006 Jul;93(1-3):117-23. Epub 2006 May 2.

Wilson K, Mottram P. A comparison of side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants in older depressed patients: A meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;19(8):754–62.

Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S et al. Essential fatty acids are mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions. J Neurosci Res. 1999 Jun 15;56(6):565–70.