Gout
Updated: 01/25/2006

References

Agarwal AK . Gout and pseudogout. Prim Care . 1993 Dec;20(4):839-55.

Arnold MH, Preston SJ et al. Comparison of the natural history of untreated acute gouty arthritis vs acute gouty arthritis treated with non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol . 1988 Oct;26(4):488-9.

Benecke M. [Avoid purine-rich foods, drink a lot, reduce weight. The most important recipes against hyperuricemia]. MMW Fortschr Med . 2003 Aug 7;145(31-32):36-8.

Blau LW. Cherry diet control for gout and arthritis. Tex Rep Biol Med . 1950;8(3):309-11.

Caspi D, Lubart E et al. The effect of mini-dose aspirin on renal function and uric acid handling in elderly patients. Arthritis Rheum . 2000 Jan;43(1):103-8.

Choi HK, Atkinson K et al. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet . 2004a Apr 17;363(9417):1277-81.

Choi HK, Atkinson K et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med . 2004b Mar 11;350(11):1093-103.

Choi HK, Curhan G. Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 2005 May;17(3):341-5.

Choi HK, Atkinson K et al. Obesity, weight change, hypertension, diuretic use, and risk of gout in men: the health professionals follow-up study. Arch Intern Med . 2005 Apr 11;165(7):742-8.

Crouse JR 3rd. New developments in the use of niacin for treatment of hyperlipidemia: new considerations in the use of an old drug. Coron Artery Dis . 1996 Apr;7(4):321-6.

DiPiro JT, Talbert RL et al. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach . 4th ed. Stamford , CT : Appleton & Lange; 1999:1460-5.

Emmerson B. Hyperlipidaemia in hyperuricaemia and gout. Ann Rheum Dis . 1998 Sep;57(9):509-10.

Emmerson BT. The management of gout. N Engl J Med . 1996 Feb 15;334(7):445-51.

Fam AG. Gout in the elderly. Clinical presentation and treatment. Drugs Aging . 1998 Sep;13(3):229-43.

Fam AG. Gout, diet, and the insulin resistance syndrome. J Rheumatol . 2002 Jul;29(7):1350-5.

Fam AG. Gout: excess calories, purines, and alcohol intake and beyond. Response to a urate-lowering diet. J Rheumatol . 2005 May;32(5):773-7.

Huang HY, Appel LJ et al. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum . 2005 Jun;52(6):1843-7.

Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM et al. Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr . 2003 Jun;133(6):1826-9.

Johnson RJ, Rideout BA. Uric acid and diet--insights into the epidemic of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med . 2004 Mar 11;350(11):1071-3.

Kasper DL Braunwald DE et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine . 16th ed. New York , NY : McGraw-Hill Professional; 2005.

Kong LD, Cai Y et al. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by some Chinese medicinal plants used to treat gout. J Ethnopharmacol . 2000 Nov;73(1-2):199-207.

Lally EV, Ho G, Jr. et al. The clinical spectrum of gouty arthritis in women. Arch Intern Med . 1986 Nov;146(11):2221-5.

Lawrence RC, Hochberg MC et al. Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and musculoskeletal diseases in the United States . J Rheumatol . 1989 Apr;16(4):427-41.

Lyu LC, Hsu CY et al. A case-control study of the association of diet and obesity with gout in Taiwan . Am J Clin Nutr . 2003 Oct;78(4):690-701.

Mawson AR, Onor GI. Gout and vitamin A intoxication: is there a connection? Semin Arthritis Rheum . 1991 Apr;20(5):297-304.

McGill NW. Gout and other crystal arthropathies. Med J Aust . 1997 Jan 6;166(1):33-8.

Meiner SE. Gouty arthritis: not just a big toe problem. Geriatr Nurs . 2001 May;22(3):132-4.

Pascual E. Hyperuricemia and gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 1994 Jul;6(4):454-8.

Pascual E, Batlle-Gualda E et al. Synovial fluid analysis for diagnosis of intercritical gout. Ann Intern Med . 1999 Nov 16;131(10):756-9.

Pascual E, Pedraz T. Gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 2004 May;16(3):282-6.

Perkins P, Jones AC. Gout. Ann Rheum Dis . 1999 Oct;58(10):611-7.

Puig JG, Michan AD et al. Female gout. Clinical spectrum and uric acid metabolism. Arch Intern Med . 1991 Apr;151(4):726-32.

Roubenoff R. Gout and hyperuricemia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am . 1990 Aug;16(3):539-50.

Saag KG, Mikuls TR. Recent advances in the epidemiology of gout. Curr Rheumatol Rep . 2005 Jun;7(3):235-41.

Scott JT. Gout. Ann Rheum Dis . 1983 Aug;42 Suppl 1:16-8.

Sharpe CR. A case-control study of alcohol consumption and drinking behaviour in patients with acute gout. Can Med Assoc J . 1984 Sep 15;131(6):563-7.

Snaith ML. ABC of rheumatology. Gout, hyperuricaemia, and crystal arthritis. BMJ . 1995 Feb 25;310(6978):521-4.

Snaith ML. Gout: diet and uric acid revisited. Lancet . 2001 Aug 18;358(9281):525.

Tikly M, Bellingan A et al. Risk factors for gout: a hospital-based study in urban black South Africans. Rev Rhum Engl Ed . 1998 Apr;65(4):225-31.

Vuorinen-Markkola H, Yki-Jarvinen H. Hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1994 Jan;78(1):25-9.

Wang WH, Chang SJ et al. Complex segregation and linkage analysis of familial gout in Taiwanese aborigines. Arthritis Rheum . 2004a Jan;50(1):242-6.

Wang Y, Zhu JX et al. Administration of procyanidins from grape seeds reduces serum uric acid levels and decreases hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase activities in oxonate-treated mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol . 2004b May;94(5):232-7.

Weinberger A. Gout, uric acid metabolism, and crystal-induced inflammation. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 1995 Jul;7(4):359-63.

Wortmann RL. Gout and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 2002 May;14(3):281-6.

Wortmann RL. Recent advances in the management of gout and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol . 2005 May;17(3):319-24.